Myra Bradwell Lawyer and Womens Rights Advocate

Dates: February 12, 1831 - February 14, 1894 Occupation: lawyer, publisher, reformer, teacher Known for: pioneer woman lawyer, first woman in U.S. to practice law, subject of Bradwell v. Illinois Supreme Court decision, author of legislation for womens rights; first woman member of the Illinois Bar Association; first woman member of the Illinois Press Association; founding member of the Illinois Womans Press Association, the oldest organization of professional women writers Also known As: Myra Colby, Myra Colby Bradwell More About Myra Bradwell Though her background was in New England, descended on both sides from early Massachusetts settlers, Myra Bradwell is mainly associated with the Midwest, especially Chicago. Myra Bradwell was born in Vermont and lived with her family in New Yorks Genessee River Valley before the family moved to Schaumburg, Illinois, about 1843. She attended finishing school in Kenosha, Wisconsin, and then attended Elgin Female Seminary. There were no colleges in that part of the country that would admit women. After graduation, she taught for a year. Marriage Despite her familys opposition, Myra Bradwell married James Bolesworth Bradwell in 1852. He was descended from English immigrants and was a law student supporting himself through manual work. They moved to Memphis, Tennessee, and ran a private school together as he continued to study law. Their first child, Myra, was born in 1854. James was admitted to the Tennessee bar, and then the family moved to Chicago where James was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1855. He opened a law firm in partnership with Frank Colby, Myras brother. Myra Bradwell began to read law with her husband; no law school of the time would have admitted women. She conceived of her marriage as a partnership and used her growing legal knowledge to help her husband, taking care of the couples four children and household while also helping at James law office. In 1861, James was elected as a Cook County judge. Civil War and Aftermath When the Civil War began, Myra Bradwell became active in support efforts. She joined the Sanitary Commission and, with Mary Livermore, was involved in organizing a successful fund-raising fair in Chicago, to provide supplies and other support for the Commissions work. Mary Livermore and others she met in this work were active in the woman suffrage movement. At the end of the war, Myra Bradwell continued her support work by becoming active in, and president of, the Soldiers Aid Society, raising funds to support the families of soldiers. After the war, the suffrage movement split over strategic priorities of rights for African American men and womens rights, especially related to the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment. Myra Bradwell joined the faction including Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, and Frederick Douglass that supported the Fourteenth Amendment as essential to guaranteeing black equality and full citizenship, even though it was flawed in only applying voting rights to males. She joined with these allies in founding the American Woman Suffrage Association. Legal Leadership In 1868, Myra Bradwell founded a regional legal newspaper, Chicago Legal News, and became both editor and business manager. The paper became a leading legal voice in the western United States. In editorials, Blackwell supported many of the progressive reforms of her time, from womens rights to the establishment of law schools. The newspaper and the associated printing business flourished under Myra Blackwells leadership. Bradwell was involved in extending married womens property rights. In 1869, she used her legal knowledge and skills to draft a law to protect the earnings of married women, and she also helped to protect the interest of widows in their husbands estates. Applying to the Bar In 1869, Bradwell took and passed with high honors the Illinois bar exam. Expecting to be admitted quietly to the bar, because Arabella Mansfield had been granted a license in Iowa (though Mansfield never actually practiced law), Bradwell was turned down. First, the Illinois Supreme Court found that she was disabled as a married woman since a married woman did not have separate legal existence from her husband and could not even sign legal contracts. Then, on a rehearing, the Supreme Court found that simply being a woman disqualified Bradwell. Myra v. Bradwell Supreme Court Decision Myra Bradwell appealed the decision to the United States Supreme Court, on the grounds of the Fourteenth Amendments equal protection provision. But in 1872, the court in Bradwell v. Illinois upheld the Illinois Supreme Courts decision to deny her admission to the bar, ruling that the Fourteenth Amendment did not require states to open the legal profession to women. The case didnt distract Bradwell from further work. She was instrumental in the consideration of extending the vote to women in the 1870 state constitution in Illinois. In 1871, the papers offices and printing plant were destroyed in the Chicago Fire. Myra Bradwell was able to get the paper published in time by using facilities in Milwaukee. The Illinois legislature granted the printing company the contract to republish official records lost in the fire. Before Bradwell v. Illinois was decided, Myra Bradwell and another woman whose application had also been denied by the Illinois Supreme Court joined forces in drafting a stature to allow both men and women admission into any profession or occupation. Before the U.S. Supreme Courts decision, Illinois had opened up the legal profession to women. But Myra Blackwell did not submit a new application. Later Work In 1875, Myra Blackwell took up the cause of Mary Todd Lincoln, involuntarily committed to an insane asylum by her son, Robert Todd Lincoln. Myras work helped win Mrs. Lincolns release. In 1876, in recognition of her role as a civic leader, Myra Bradwell was one of Illinois representatives to the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. In 1882, Bradwells daughter graduated from law school and became a lawyer. An honorary member of the Illinois State Bar Association, Myra Bradwell served as its vice president for four terms. In 1885, when the Illinois Womans Press Association was founded, the first women writers elected Myra Bradwell its president. She did not accept that office, but she did join the group and is counted among the founders. (Frances Willard and Sarah Hackett Stevenson were also among those who joined in the first year.) Closing Acts In 1888, Chicago was selected as the site for the Worlds Columbian Exposition, with Myra Bradwell being one of the key lobbyists winning that selection. In 1890, Myra Bradwell was finally admitted to the Illinois bar, on the basis of her original application. In 1892, the United States Supreme Court granted her a license to practice before that court. In 1893, Myra Bradwell was already suffering from cancer, but was one of the lady managers for the Worlds Columbian Exposition, and chaired the committee on law reform at one of the congresses held in conjunction with the exposition. She attended in a wheelchair. She died in Chicago in February 1894. The daughter of Myra and James Bradwell, Bessie Helmer, continued to publish the Chicago Legal News until 1925. Books About Myra Bradwell Jane M. Friedman. Americas First Woman Lawyer: The Biography of Myra Bradwell. 1993. Background, Family Mother: Abigail Willey ColbyFather: Eben ColbySiblings: four; Myra was the youngest Education Finishing school in Kenosha, WisconsinElgin Female Seminary Marriage, Children husband: James Bolesworth Bradwell (married May 18, 1852; lawyer, judge, legislator)children:Myra (1854, died age 7)Thomas (1856)Bessie (1858)James (1862, died age 2) Organizations: American Woman Suffrage Association, Illinois Bar Association, Illinois Press Association, 1876 Centennial Exposition, 1893 Worlds Columbian Exposition

Review Of O Conner - 1350 Words

Although we read multiple stories by Flannery O’Conner, there are many similar qualities in the works. O’Conner pays special attention to the realistic detail and finds the truth that lies beneath the surface of language and self image. She often uses violence that shocks the reader to uncover this truth. Although different in each work, she is able to incorporate a moment of grace in A Good Man is Hard to Find, Good Country People, and Everything That Rises Must Converge. O Connor consistently produced fiction having an implicit, if not a totally explicit, religious world view as an integral element of each work. Even though O Connor was, according to all available evidence, a devout Catholic, she did not let her religious conservatism†¦show more content†¦At one point during the drive, the grandmother accidentally kicked her feet, which startled the cat and caused Bailey – the driver – to lose control of the car and they end up in a ditch. The c ar that stopped to help the family ended up being The Misfit and two other men. These two men take John Wesley and Bailey into the forest where they end up shooting them. When they come back to the car they take June Star, the children’s mother, and the baby and kill all of them as well. The grandmother pleads for her life – although she never once asked for her family to be saved. After The Misfit and the grandmother talk about Jesus and religion, the grandmother claims that he is â€Å"one of her own children† (433) and then he shoots her in the chest three times. At the end, The Misfit says the grandmother could have been a good woman if there was always someone there to shoot her and then claims that life has no true pleasure. Throughout this story, there is a theme of the unlikely recipients of grace. Despite their sins and flaws, both the grandmother and The Misfit receive grace in the end. The grandmother believes she is morally superior and that she ca n judge other people. She lies, she manipulates, and she does not have any self-awareness. She tells The Misfit to pray yet she herself cannot formulate her own prayer. The Misfit does not seem like he deserves grace, as he is an unrepentant murderer. However, as unlikely as it is,

Drivers of Product Quality Improvement †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Drivers of Product Quality Improvement. Answer: Introduction: The goal of any business organization that gets into the market with a product or a service is to make a profit from the selling the good or the service from the customers. Before a decision is made regarding a particular product production, there must be a gap in the market that should be existing that should be catered for. The difference in this context implies a difference between supply and demand. Consumer needs are usually the main trigger towards the production of a particular commodity or service. However, how much better an organization produces a helpful product, marketing plays a critical as it determines the success rate of the same product. The marketing strategy that should be embraced by a particular organization should be in a position to convince new customers on the purpose of the product as well as maintain an existing customer. In other words, any production and marketing of a particular product or service should be aim at the sustainability of the business in th e days to come. Technology has been in the lead as far as marketing of the goods and services is concerned in the 21st century. The marketing strategy applied should be efficient and convenient to ensure that whenever an organization gets to the market will not make losses but instead make a profit. One of the products that have been doing well in the market is Anza espresso machine which provides solves a problem of making coffee in the hotel industry. In the course of this research, the concentration will be directed to marketing aspects that are related to Anza espresso and how it has been in successfully been maintained in the market in the competitive business world. One of the industries that in the global business perspective that is growing at an alarming rate is the hotel industries. The number of customers who are being served in the local and international hotels is increasing annually. The law of demands and supply tend to be applied in that with the increase in the number of the customers; the demand goes up which is relative to the increase in the profit until a certain point when the increase will be constant. Despite the market expanding, the number of organizations who are getting into the industry to utilize the opportunity is also growing at an alarming rate. After the industry started experiencing the full impact of the law of demand and supply, the only remaining thing is to come up with a mechanism to lower operational costs as well as improve quality to attract more customers and maximize profits. As a result of this Anza espresso machine which is an electronic equipment that will develop the strong coffee taste is introduced in the market. Anza espresso machine aims at reducing the number of employees who are employed in a particular organization to offer their services. When the appliance is introduced into an organization, some of the recurring costs such as salaries and allowances is reduced while on the hand they increase the quality of the services they to the customers. Anza espresso machine is ideologically designed in a manner that it enhances portability as well as save on the space. The appliance is available with white and wood details by weighing 15 Kg making it easy to carry and handle (Cruz et al., 2012). The product is meant for the Australian market and will be released at an affordable price that favors the market. One of the reasons as to why the idea of introducing the Anza espresso is due to the need of the hotel industry to revive the concept of strong coffee which is increasing on a daily basis. Despite the fact that that the concept of strong coffee exists, the experience needs to be advanced to a level that the customers will be fully satisfied. Also, in the past couple of years, coffee consumption has increased annually. The high consumption rate implies that the market is growing regarding demand and something should be done to close the gap. Black coffee, in particular, has attracted the majority of the consumers which requires a specialized tool to make it in bulk and maintain the taste as per the expectation of the customers. From the market research conducted 2014, the consumers of the black coffee are the parents. Marketing of the Anza espresso machine As stated earlier, the market is the primary success determinant as this will be showing what is required in ensuring that the customers are aware of a new product that is released in the market. For the organization to succeed in the marketing of the product, both the primary and secondary marketing techniques should be used to reach out the customers and increase the level of acceptance. Before deciding on a particular product or service marketing, it is advisable for an organization to research to ensure that it gathers the required information that will be of importance in the release of the product. Gathering of research in the market helps the organization to identify the issues that exist in the market that can lead to failure. Also, the organization will be in a position to understand the various competitors that are in the market before the release of the product and the strategies they utilize to remain competitive. Primary techniques of information gathering in this contex t include the use of surveys, Questionnaires and focus groups. The three primary methods primarily aim at meeting the stakeholders on direct contact basis to ensure that they give the information that is relevant regarding a particular activity. The interested parties in this context are all those individuals who either directly or indirectly are involved in the production as well as consumption of the product. It covers the community, the government, the consumers and the employees of the organization that is involved in the production of the product. Stakeholders engagement Involving the stakeholders enhances the acceptance rate of a particular as it develops a sense of ownership among them. For example, when the government is involved in the production of a particular product and service, it responds by giving the required standards of operation of the product. The government aims at ensuring that the laws regarding a particular product and service production are followed to the letter. Therefore, this prevents the organization from being involved in an activity that does not enhance public protection. Also, when the market and the community are participating in a production information gathering as stakeholders, the acceptance of the product or service is much higher. Some beliefs are usually within a particular community that many at times hinder the success of a product. For instance, if the community beliefs that are consuming a particular product or service will affect its people negatively, no matter how good the product and solving a particular problem, it will not be accepted. In the community, there dwells the customers and the market where an organization aims at. The consumers are the main reason as to why a particular idea is implemented. It is important to first understand the scope of the problems of the problem before being involved an attempt of solving it. When the customers are consulted before the release of a particular product, they become aware of what is going and thus when the actual implementation comes, the chances of failure of the product will be reduced. They become part of the product production an as well as they are involved in the marketing. The final and very crucial aspect of production is the employees' involvement. When the employees are involved in the production activity, there are high chances that the expectation of the organization is met with ease. An organization may proceed and gather information from the external sources, but the implementers of the ideas are the employees. When the e mployees are less involved in the decision-making process, the final product will have faults or even fail to address the issues raised by the customers. An organization involves it employees through proper communication to make them aware of the goals and what the customers' needs are. On the other hand, secondary techniques of information gathering involve use of journals, articles, and the internet (Zikmund et al., 2014). In the secondary information gathering, it involves making the organization aware of what other researchers did regarding a particular product. The research conducted saves the organization from being involved in an activity that other organizations participated in and failed. Also, the organization is made aware of the current status of the market before actualizing an idea. When the organization is aware of what is taking place outside the organization, it produces products that are in line with the expectation of the customers. Instances that may lead to the failure of the organization are avoided at all cost. The information collected using secondary methodologies is subjected to quantitative analysis through statistics and table formats. Analysis helps to determine the various factors that are to be considered in the production activity. Th e management usually, sets a benchmark which will be used in the production and when a deviation is experienced correction can be made with immediate effect. The analysis, in this case, involves the marketing strategies used by the various related companies in their production. The best strategy is adopted which promotes the success of the organization. Market Assessment and demand assessment Before the organization decides to adopt a particular marketing strategy, there is need to have an assessment done to the market to identify the various factors that may impact the process of marketing both positively and negatively. One of the assessments that should be highly considered consumption behavior of the product idea in this context Anza espresso machine. This usually starts with the feasibility study to identify the market opportunities. In the context of Anza espresso, the assessment that should conduct should focus on the factors that are making consumption of strong Black coffee go up. In this regard, the company should consider the market population that is making the hike in demand. In this case, coffee is largely consumed by the youth and the working women who prefer the beverage to other drinks such as tea (Biotto et al., 2012). Therefore, in the design of the appliance, it should consider the taste and preference of the youth and women to ensure that only what is relevant is incorporated. The taste and preference should also consider what the competitors are offering and how they should make it unique. Sustainability issues should also be considered as this will determine if the product will be long term or short term. If the factors are not favorable for the long-term success of the market, they should be avoided at all costs. In the market and demand assessment, marketing mix model should be considered. In this case, the Four Ps model is considered as they will influence customer purchasing decision. The four Ps are product, price, promotion, and place. In this context, Anza espresso is the result which is designed with features that favor usability. The machine as initially stated is portable and lightweight. The price, in this case, should be set in a way that the customers get the real values of their money. The price should also be in line within the range of the various competitors. Promotion involves how marketing will be done. In this case, Anza espresso will utilize the use of modern technology in the marketing. Finally, the place discusses the target market and the timing. Anza espresso will be made available in the Australian electrical market by 2018 according to Luan and Sudhir (2010). References Biotto, M., De Toni, A. F., Nonino, F. (2012). Knowledge and cultural diffusion along the supply chain as drivers of product quality improvement: the illycaff case study.The International Journal of Logistics Management,23(2), 212-237. Cruz, R., Cardoso, M. M., Fernandes, L., Oliveira, M., Mendes, E., Baptista, P., Casal, S. (2012). Espresso coffee residues: a valuable source of unextracted compounds.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,60(32), 7777-7784. Frost, W., Laing, J., Wheeler, F., Reeves, K. (2010). Coffee culture, heritage and destination image: Melbourne and the Italian model.Coffee culture, destinations, and tourism,24, 99. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to the market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. In Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Iannario, M., Manisera, M., Piccolo, D., Zuccolotto, P. (2012). The sensory analysis in the food industry as a tool for marketing decisions. Advances in Data Analysis and classification,6(4), 303-321. Luan, Y. J., Sudhir, K. (2010). Forecasting marketing-mix responsiveness for new products management. Journal of Marketing Research,47(3), 444-457. Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2015).Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Zikmund, W. G., D'Alessandro, S., Winzar, H., Lowe, B., Babin, B. (2014).Marketing research. Cengage Learning Australia.